The 10 Best 48 Inch Tow-Behind Mowers of 2026

The PPOLB 48-inch tow-behind dethatcher is a pull-behind attachment designed for lawn tractors, ATVs, and UTVs, perfect for homeowners with expansive lawns who want to tackle thatch buildup and debris without backbreaking manual work. It suits beginner to experienced gardeners maintaining yards over 1/4 acre, where riding mowers are common.

In real-world use, the 24 flexible spring steel tines dig into turf to lift dead thatch, leaves, and pine needles, promoting healthier grass growth by improving soil aeration. The wide coverage means fewer passes across your lawn, and the adjustable transport handle lets you raise tines for easy maneuvering around flower beds or obstacles.

Build quality shines with rust-proof, heat-treated Q235 steel tines and 7-inch flat-free wheels on bearings for durability against rocks, roots, and weather exposure. Assembly is straightforward with included instructions, and the universal hitch fits various tow heights for hassle-free setup.

Limitations include the need for a powered vehicle to tow it effectively, and its size may overwhelm very small properties. On soft or wet lawns, go slow to avoid deep gouging.

Overall, this dethatcher delivers practical value for revitalizing tired lawns. If you have the right towing setup, it's a smart addition for year-round yard care and vibrant outdoor spaces.

Setup: Attach the universal hitch pin to your lawn tractor or ATV, adjusting the tow arm for level pulling. Assemble per instructions, typically under 30 minutes.

• Mow lawn short first for best results.
• Lower tines to working height and tow at 3-5 mph.
• Raise tines via handle when crossing driveways or gardens.

Maintenance: Clean tines after each use to remove clippings. Store in a dry shed to prevent rust. Inspect wheels and hitch seasonally for wear.

• Lubricate bearings yearly.
• Sharpen or replace bent tines as needed.

Dethatch in early spring or fall when grass is actively growing, avoiding summer heat or winter dormancy. Aim for thatch layers over 1/2 inch thick.

• Prep: Water lawn lightly a day before to soften soil.
• Pass: Make overlapping runs perpendicular to mowing pattern.
• Aftercare: Rake up debris, top-dress with compost, and water deeply.

Combine with aeration for maximum lawn health. Repeat annually for heavily shaded or clipped yards.

This 48-inch dethatcher excels on lawns from 1/4 acre to 2+ acres, where towing efficiency shines.

• Small yards (<1/4 acre): Opt for a 40-inch model or manual rake to avoid overkill.
• Medium yards (1/4-1 acre): Ideal balance of coverage and maneuverability.
• Large yards (1+ acres): Perfect for quick jobs with riding mowers or ATVs.

Ensure your towing vehicle has at least 10-15 HP for smooth pulling on hills.

This Babevy heavy duty tow behind lawn sweeper is a 48-inch wide collector designed for attaching to lawn tractors or push mowers, perfect for homeowners tackling medium to large yards filled with leaves, clippings, and debris. It suits beginner to experienced gardeners who want to cut down on manual labor during fall cleanup or regular maintenance.

Key features shine in real-world use: the adjustable brush height lets you dial in the perfect sweep for smooth lawns or bumpy paths, while the 26 cu ft hopper grabs plenty before needing to dump via the handy rope right from your seat. Non-slip wheels keep it steady as you tow, making passes efficient across gardens and driveways.

Build quality feels solid with its heavy duty frame, ready to withstand outdoor conditions season after season. It's straightforward to store upright, which is a plus for tight spaces. Limitations include needing a towing vehicle and potential extra effort on very hilly terrain when loaded.

Overall, this sweeper earns a strong recommendation for anyone with over half an acre seeking faster, easier yard care. Pair it with your existing mower for a game-changing cleanup routine.

Attaching and Using:

• Connect the universal hitch to your lawn tractor or push mower rear; ensure it's secure before towing.
• Adjust brush height to skim just above grass for optimal pickup of leaves and clippings.
• Tow at a slow, steady speed over debris; empty hopper using the dump rope when full.

Maintenance Tips:

• Clean brushes and hopper after each use to prevent clogs.
• Check wheels and hitch for wear; lubricate moving parts seasonally.
• Store in a dry spot upright to save space and protect from weather.

This 48-inch sweeper excels on yards from 0.5 to 2 acres, where towing efficiency covers ground quickly without constant emptying.

• Small yards (<0.5 acre): May be overkill; consider a push sweeper instead.
• Medium yards (0.5-1 acre): Ideal balance of width and capacity for weekly maintenance.
• Large yards (1-2+ acres): Great for fall leaves, but multiple passes needed on very big properties.

Best for level to gently sloping lawns; pair with a riding mower for best results on bigger spaces.

Incorporate this sweeper into a seasonal routine for healthier turf.

• Mow first, then sweep to remove clippings and promote even growth.
• Use after leaf drop in fall to prevent smothering grass.
• Combine with aeration and fertilizing for thriving lawns year-round.
• Avoid wet conditions to prevent clumping in the hopper.

Regular sweeping keeps paths clear and gardens tidy, reducing weed spread.

The MechMaxx ATV120 is a robust tow-behind flail mower designed for gardeners and landowners with ATVs or UTVs who need to conquer large, overgrown areas. With its 48-inch working width and 5-point offset, it's perfect for homeowners maintaining expansive lawns, fields, or properties around buildings where precision matters.

Key features shine in real-world use: the 459cc 15HP ZONSEN engine powers through thick weeds and tall grass, while 20 cast steel hammers create a fine mulch dispersed evenly from the rear. The adjustable height roller lets you dial in cuts from 0.4 to 2.5 inches, suiting everything from golf-course finishes to rough clearing. Those 16-inch all-terrain tires grip uneven ground, making it a go-to for sloped backyards or rural lots.

Build quality impresses with SKF bearings, galvanized steel, and powder-coated finish for outdoor durability against rust and impacts. It's heavy-duty without being overly cumbersome for towing, and the included stand aids storage in your shed or garage.

Limitations include the need for a suitable towing vehicle and no quick hitch compatibility, so plan your setup accordingly. Overall, if you have the acreage and ATV, this flail mower delivers efficient, low-maintenance mowing that transforms wild spaces into tidy landscapes. Highly recommend for serious yard warriors.

To get started, attach the 2-inch ball hitch securely to your ATV or UTV, ensuring your vehicle can handle the weight. Adjust the cutting height via the handle and roller bar before mowing, starting higher for thick growth to avoid bogging down.

• Operate at moderate speeds on rough terrain to let the reverse-rotating hammers mulch effectively.
• Check belt tension and blade sharpness regularly; replace with genuine parts for best performance.
• After use, clean mulch buildup, store on the included stand, and cover to protect from elements.
• Winterize by draining fuel and oil, lubricating bearings for longevity.

Follow these steps for reliable seasons of use in your garden or field maintenance routine.

This 48-inch flail mower excels on properties over 1 acre, where its width and power speed up large-scale mowing tasks. Ideal for 2-10 acre homesteads, farms, or rural backyards with obstacles.

• Small yards (<0.5 acre): Overkill; opt for push mowers instead.
• Medium yards (0.5-2 acres): Great for occasional rough clearing around edges and fields.
• Large properties (2+ acres): Perfect match for efficient, mulching passes that save time and fuel.

Pair with your ATV for best results on uneven or weedy lots, enhancing overall lawn and garden care.

Incorporate this flail mower into a seasonal routine: use in spring and fall for weed control, mid-season for height maintenance. Mulch returns organic matter, boosting soil health for thicker turf.

• Mow when grass is dry to prevent clumping.
• Alternate with bagging mowers for varied lawn finishes.
• Follow up with overseeding in mulched areas for lush regrowth.
• Combine with fertilization for vibrant, low-maintenance landscapes.

These tips help New York gardeners achieve thriving outdoor spaces year-round.

The Earthquake Acreage tow-behind mower is a beast for gardeners facing overgrown properties, with its 44-inch steel deck and 17.5HP Briggs & Stratton engine powering through tall grass, thick brush, and even saplings up to 3 inches thick. It's ideal for rural homeowners, acreage owners, or anyone with trails, ditches, and wooded edges that need regular taming, rather than small, tidy suburban lawns.

In real-world use, the adjustable offset lets you swing the mower 4 feet left or right behind your ATV or tractor, perfect for ditch banks or under tree limbs without scraping your vehicle. Tool-less height changes from 3.5 to 7.5 inches handle everything from light meadow maintenance to heavy brush clearing, while break-away blades pivot safely around rocks and stumps.

Build quality shines with an extra-thick 11-gauge steel deck, chain guards for debris control, and steel wheel bumpers that keep it from snagging on obstacles. The electric start and simple pull-lever blade engagement make operation straightforward from your seat, and the adjustable hitch provides smooth towing.

Limitations include the need for a capable tow vehicle and its large footprint, which isn't great for tight storage or precision edging. Overall, if you're battling overgrowth on larger lots, this mower delivers serious value for restoring usable yard space; pair it with follow-up finishing mowers for a polished look.

To get started, hitch the 2-inch ball coupler to your ATV, UTV, or tractor, adjusting the tongue height for level towing. Engage blades with the manual lever before moving, and use the included rope to disengage from your seat. Offset as needed for trails or slopes, and tweak cutting height on the fly for best results.

• Check oil and fuel before each use; the Advanced Debris Management System helps, but clean air filter regularly in dusty areas.
• Inspect blades for wear after rocky jobs, and grease fittings per manual.
• Store with tongue removed in a dry shed; winterize engine with stabilizer.
• Avoid wet grass to prevent clogs; mow in dry conditions for clean cuts.

Follow rough cuts with a finish mower for smooth lawns. Mow overgrown areas in stages, starting high to avoid bogging down. For trails and ditches, offset mowing prevents soil compaction near edges.

• Schedule cuts every 2-4 weeks in growing season to prevent re-overgrowth.
• Combine with weed control for brushy spots; this mower handles post-treatment debris well.
• Alternate directions each mow to promote even grass health and reduce ruts.
• Reseed cleared areas promptly for thicker turf recovery.

This 44-inch mower shines on 1+ acre properties with rough or neglected areas, covering large swaths quickly. Ideal for 2-10 acres of mixed terrain including fields, trails, and perimeter fencing.

• Small yards (<1 acre): Overkill; opt for walk-behinds.
• Medium lots (1-5 acres): Perfect for occasional heavy clearing.
• Large estates (5+ acres): Essential for efficient maintenance without daily tractor use.
• Not for: Flat, manicured turf; use riding mowers instead.

This BlumeTrec tow behind dethatcher is a game-changer for gardeners with expansive lawns who own a riding mower or tractor. At 48 inches wide, it pulls behind your equipment to slice through thatch, dead grass, and debris, aerating soil for better grass growth. It's perfect for U.S. homeowners tackling 1/2-acre yards or larger, especially in spring or fall when prepping for peak season.

• Key features include 24 heat-treated spring tines that flex independently for even removal across the width.
• The universal hitch connects easily to most riding lawn tractors, ATVs, or UTVs.
• A 100 lb ballast tray lets you add weight for aggressive dethatching on tough spots.

Build quality shines with a carbon steel frame that's rust-resistant and sturdy enough for heavy use. In real-world gardening, it loosens compacted soil, allowing air, water, and fertilizer to reach roots, leading to lusher lawns without manual raking. The adjustable handle protects tines on driveways while dialing in depth for optimal performance outdoors.

Limitations include the need for powered towing equipment, so it's not for tiny lots or walk-behind use. Empty weight is manageable, but full ballast makes it hefty. Overall, this dethatcher delivers reliable results for large-yard care; pair it with overseeding for a revitalized lawn that thrives all season.

Attach the dethatcher to your riding mower using the universal pin hitch, following the included instructions. Mow your lawn short first, then tow at a slow speed in overlapping passes. Add sandbags to the ballast tray for deeper tine action on thick thatch.

• Spring use: Remove winter debris before fertilizing.
• Fall use: Prep soil ahead of overseeding.
• Adjust height higher over hard surfaces to avoid tine damage.

For maintenance, clean tines after each use to remove soil buildup. Check for loose bolts and store in a dry shed during winter. Replace bent tines individually as needed for ongoing performance.

Dethatch when thatch exceeds 1/2 inch thick, typically spring or early fall to avoid summer heat stress. Test soil moisture; dry ground works best to prevent clumping.

• Combine with core aeration for maximum root health.
• Follow up by raking debris and top-dressing with compost.
• Water deeply after to settle soil and encourage growth.

Avoid dethatching during drought or extreme heat, as it stresses grass. For cool-season lawns like fescue, aim for fall; warm-season like Bermuda, spring. This keeps your yard vibrant and weed-free.

Best for lawns over 1/2 acre where towing saves hours versus manual tools. The 48-inch width shines on 1+ acre properties, cutting dethatching time in half.

• Small yards (<1/4 acre): Skip for hand rakes.
• Medium (1/4-1 acre): Good starter tow-behind.
• Large (1+ acres): Ideal for farms or estates.

Ensure your tractor has enough power (15+ HP recommended) for smooth pulling. Matches well with New York-area properties needing seasonal lawn revival.

The MechMaxx EFS48 is a light-duty flail mower attachment designed for 15-35 HP tractors with CAT 1 3-point hitches. It shines for homeowners tackling larger properties, like expansive backyards, perimeter fields, or long ditches, where a wide cut and mulching action keep things tidy without endless passes.

Key features include a 48-inch working width, 20 cast steel hammer blades spinning at high speed for fine mulching, and adjustable ground clearance from 0.6 to 1.8 inches. In real-world use, it powers through grass efficiently at 540 PTO RPM, leaving a short, even finish ideal for lawn maintenance or field edging. The belt drive and tensioner ensure consistent power, while safety chains curb debris.

Build quality stands out with 0.24-inch side plates, SKF rotor bearings, and powder coating for weather resistance. It's sturdy for regular mowing but light-duty, so it handles grass best over dense overgrowth. At 379 pounds, it's substantial yet manageable on suitable tractors.

Limitations include no quick hitch compatibility and a focus on lighter tasks, so pair it with the right tractor for best results. Overall, if you have a compact tractor and bigger mowing needs, this flail mower delivers practical performance for cleaner, healthier outdoor spaces.

Attaching the EFS48 is straightforward with its CAT 1 3-point hitch and included PTO shaft. Connect the shaft to your tractor's 540 RPM PTO, secure the hitch pins, and adjust the belt tensioner for smooth operation.

• Park on level ground and use the kickstand for stability.
• Lower the mower to set height between 0.6-1.8 inches based on grass type.
• Engage PTO slowly, starting at low speed to clear any debris.
• Mow in overlapping passes for even coverage on fields or yards.

Always wear safety gear and check blades before each use for optimal results.

Regular care keeps your flail mower running smoothly season after season. Grease bearings weekly, check belt tension, and inspect hammers for wear.

• Sharpen or replace 20 hammer blades as needed to maintain cutting power.
• Clean deck after wet mowing to prevent rust on powder-coated surfaces.
• Change gearbox oil to 85W-90 annually and store with kickstand off the ground.
• Examine PTO shaft shear bolt; replace if damaged to protect your tractor.

Winter storage: Disconnect, clean thoroughly, and cover in a dry spot.

This 48-inch flail mower suits properties from 1-5 acres with light to medium grass. Ideal for large lawns, orchards, or perimeter mowing where mulching matters.

• Best for 15-35 HP tractors on uneven terrain or ditches.
• Overkill for tiny yards under 0.5 acres; consider smaller rotary mowers.
• Pair with tractor attachments for versatile yard care.

For bigger fields, multiple passes ensure thorough coverage.

This MilleLoom 48 Inch Tow Behind Dethatcher is a robust attachment that hooks to your ATV, UTV or lawn tractor to pull away thatch, pine needles, leaves and light debris. It's perfect for gardeners with expansive lawns or properties who dread hours of hand raking.

In real-world use, the 20 heat-treated spring steel tines glide smoothly, loosening compacted thatch and gathering clippings without scalping your grass. The 48-inch width means fewer passes across your yard, making it a game-changer for spring cleanups or fall leaf removal. Pair it with your riding mower for seamless maintenance routines.

Built from heavy-duty powder-coated steel, it shrugs off rust and wear, even after wet seasons. The lift handle lets you disengage tines easily for turns or unloading. While it's straightforward to install with included hardware, note it needs a standard 2-inch hitch.

Limitations include avoiding rocky areas to prevent tine damage, and it's overkill for tiny lots. Overall, if you have the right vehicle and bigger ground to cover, this dethatcher delivers pro-level results for healthier lawns and less sweat.

Setup: Attach to your ATV or tractor's 2-inch receiver hitch using the provided hardware. Follow the manual for secure fit; add an adapter if needed for 3-point hitches.

• Lower tines to engage ground, drive slowly at 3-5 mph for best pickup.
• Lift handle to raise tines when turning or emptying debris piles.
• Work in overlapping passes on dry days for optimal results.

Maintenance: Rinse with hose after use to remove dirt. Inspect tines regularly and replace bent ones individually.

• Store upright in a dry shed to prevent frame stress.
• Oil pivot points yearly for smooth lift action.

Dethatching keeps your lawn healthy by removing dead grass buildup that blocks water and nutrients. Use this tool in early spring or fall when grass is actively growing.

• Best for cool-season grasses like fescue or Kentucky bluegrass; warm-season types like Bermuda may need lighter passes.
• Mow first, then dethatch to avoid clumping.
• Follow up by topdressing with compost and overseeding for thicker turf.

Avoid over-dethatching; aim for 1/4 inch removal max per session to prevent stressing roots.

This 48-inch model shines on 1/4 acre or larger lawns where manual raking takes too long. Smaller yards under 5,000 sq ft might prefer push dethatchers.

• Ideal for suburban lots, rural pastures or garden edges with heavy pine straw drop.
• Pair with a 60-inch version for estates over 2 acres.
• Works well on gently sloped ground; flat fields yield fastest results.

The Agri-Fab 45-0299 48-inch tow-behind plug aerator is a game-changer for homeowners with lawn tractors who want to revive compacted turf without renting bulky equipment. It suits beginner to experienced gardeners maintaining medium to large yards, delivering professional results right from your tractor seat.

In real-world use, the 32 galvanized knives pull deep 3-inch soil plugs, far better than spikes at allowing air, water, and nutrients to reach roots. Add weight to the tray for tough soil, and you'll see greener, thicker grass after just one pass. The universal hitch connects easily to any brand, while flat-free tires roll smoothly over uneven ground.

Build quality shines with heavy-gauge steel and a 3-year warranty, holding up through multiple seasons of spring and fall aeration. The cantilever handle lets you raise and lower tines without leaving your seat, making it practical for solo yard work.

Limitations include the need for a tractor and some upfront assembly, plus filling the weight tray each time. Still, for the effort, it transforms lawn health effortlessly.

Our verdict: If your lawn feels hard-packed and thin, this aerator is a smart investment for thriving grass and easier mowing all season. Pair it with overseeding for stunning results.

To get started, assemble following the included guide or video, then hitch to your tractor. Mow low first, then aerate in overlapping passes, adding sandbags or blocks to the weight tray for deeper penetration on dry soil.

• Operate in moist conditions for easiest plug removal.
• Raise tines for turns and transport using the reachable handle.
• Clean tines after each use to prevent rust; store in a dry shed.

For maintenance, sharpen knives if needed, check tire pressure, and lubricate moving parts yearly. Avoid rocky areas to preserve blades.

Aerate cool-season grasses like fescue or Kentucky bluegrass in early spring or fall, and warm-season types like Bermuda in late spring. Follow with fertilizer and seed for best recovery.

• Aerate annually for high-traffic lawns.
• Combine with dethatching for heavily compacted yards.
• Water deeply post-aeration to settle plugs.

This promotes root growth, reduces weeds, and improves drought resistance in your backyard oasis.

Perfect for 1/4-acre to 2-acre lawns where a tractor fits. The 48-inch width covers ground quickly without excessive overlap.

• Small yards (<1/4 acre): Consider a smaller model or push aerator.
• Large properties (>2 acres): Multiple passes or a bigger unit may be needed.
• Slopes: Use caution; added weight improves traction but test slowly.

Matches most suburban lots for efficient, thorough coverage.

This Suchtale 48-inch tow behind dethatcher is a game-changer for homeowners with riding lawn mowers tackling larger yards. It hooks up easily to pull behind your tractor, using 24 spring steel tines to slice through thatch buildup that chokes grass roots. Perfect for U.S. gardeners wanting lush lawns without backbreaking manual work.

In real-world use, the independently flexing tines loosen matted dead grass effectively, even on hard-packed soil, promoting better airflow and root health. The wheels track smoothly to avoid snags, and the transport handle lets you raise tines for easy crossing driveways or flower beds. Fall application is ideal, setting up your lawn for vibrant spring regrowth.

Build quality shines with a full steel frame, rust-proof tines, and bearing-equipped wheels for longevity outdoors. The 70 lb ballast platform ensures solid contact without slipping. While assembly is straightforward, it suits those comfortable with basic tools.

Limitations include needing a compatible tractor and its size making it less ideal for tiny yards. Overall, it's a reliable choice for proactive lawn care, delivering fresh, healthy turf with minimal hassle. Grab one if your mower pulls attachments and you've got thatch issues.

Setup: Use the hitch pin to connect to your riding mower or ATV. Add weight to the ballast platform for better performance on dense thatch.

• Mow lawn short first.
• Engage tines in low gear, overlapping passes for full coverage.
• Raise tines via transport handle when crossing hard surfaces.

Maintenance: Clean soil from tines after each use to prevent rust. Check and replace worn tines as needed. Store in a dry shed over winter.

• Best time: Early fall or spring on dry grass.
• Avoid wet conditions to prevent clumping.

Dethatching fits into a solid lawn routine for thriving yards. Pair with core aeration and overseeding for maximum results.

• Fall Prep: Dethatch after final mow, then fertilize roots.
• Spring Boost: Light dethatch before new growth, follow with topdressing.
• Water deeply post-dethatch to settle soil.

Regular mowing at proper height prevents heavy thatch buildup. For healthier grass, test soil pH yearly and adjust as needed.

This 48-inch dethatcher excels on lawns over 1/2 acre where riding mowers shine. Coverage speed makes quick work of big spaces.

• Ideal: 0.5+ acres with tractor access.
• Okay: 1/4 acre if you have hills or obstacles.
• Not Recommended: Under 5,000 sq ft; manual tools work better.

Measure your yard and ensure flat towing paths for best results.

This AugFir tow behind dethatcher is a game-changer for anyone with a large lawn who wants to remove thatch buildup without endless manual work. Designed as a pull-behind attachment for riding lawn mowers, tractors, ATVs, or UTVs, it's perfect for U.S. homeowners tackling expansive backyards or even small farms. The 48-inch working width with two rows of 20 flexing spring steel tines covers ground fast, making it a top pick for efficient lawn care.

In real-world use, the heavy-duty carbon steel frame and 150 lb capacity tray let you add ballast like sandbags or bricks, driving tines deeper into compacted thatch for better aeration and grass health. The adjustable height handle with anti-slip stopper keeps things secure during sharp turns, while 8-inch semi-pneumatic wheels roll smoothly over typical lawn terrain. Gardeners report noticeable improvement in lawn thickness after one season of use.

Build quality stands out with its robust construction that holds up to outdoor abuse, from wet springs to dry summers. Cleaning tines after each use keeps it performing like new. Limitations include the need for a towing vehicle and some assembly time, but the included video makes setup straightforward.

Overall, if you have over half an acre of lawn, this dethatcher delivers pro-level results at home. Pair it with regular mowing and fertilizing for a lush, thriving yard year-round.

Setup and Usage: Attach the universal hitch to your riding mower or tractor, adjust height to skim the surface initially, then add up to 150 lb ballast for deeper dethatching. Tow at a slow speed (2-4 mph) in overlapping passes, lifting tines at turns.

• Mow lawn short first for best access to thatch.
• Dethatch in spring or fall when grass is actively growing.
• Empty collected debris frequently from the tray.

Maintenance Tips: Rinse tines and frame after use to prevent rust. Store in a dry shed during winter. Inspect hitch and wheels seasonally for wear.

Dethatching improves water and nutrient absorption, preventing brown patches and weak roots. Test soil by pulling up a small grass section; if thatch exceeds 1/2 inch, it's time to act.

• Combine with core aeration for compacted clay soils common in many U.S. regions.
• Overseed immediately after to fill bare spots.
• Avoid dethatching in drought or extreme heat to reduce grass stress.

For best results on cool-season grasses like fescue or Kentucky bluegrass, dethatch every 1-2 years. Warm-season varieties like Bermuda may need it annually.

This 48-inch dethatcher shines on lawns from 1/2 acre to 5+ acres, saving hours compared to manual rakes. Smaller yards under 1/4 acre might prefer a powered walk-behind model.

• Ideal for: Suburban lots, rural properties, golf course-style lawns.
• Not recommended for: Tiny urban patches or highly uneven, rocky terrain without adjustments.

Factor in your towing vehicle's power; most standard riding mowers handle it loaded with ease.