The 10 Best Fire Tables With Concrete Tops of 2026

This UPHA 56-inch rectangular propane fire pit table in beige textured concrete is a game-changer for patios and backyards, perfect for U.S. homeowners who love hosting outdoor dinners or relaxing evenings. Measuring 56 by 28 inches, it fits well in medium-sized spaces without overwhelming your garden setup, providing ample table space around the flames.

Key features shine in real-world use: the 50,000 BTU burner with electronic ignition lights up effortlessly via a simple knob turn, while the wind guard keeps the blue glass rocks flickering steadily. It connects to a standard 20-pound propane tank in minutes, hidden beneath for a sleek look that enhances your outdoor living area.

Build quality stands out with lightweight yet sturdy artificial concrete and a 304 stainless steel burner, holding up to 200 pounds on top. Adjustable feet ensure it stays level on patios, decks, or lawns, and side handles make repositioning straightforward for seasonal rearrangements.

Limitations include the need for a separate propane tank and multi-package shipping, but these are minor for the performance. Overall, it's a reliable choice for extending your gardening season into cooler nights; pair it with Adirondack chairs for the ultimate backyard oasis.

Setting up your UPHA fire pit takes about 5 minutes: unpack the concrete table, install the wind guard, add blue glass rocks if needed, connect the included 9.8-foot propane hose to your 20-pound tank, and twist the knob after powering on for ignition.

• Always place on a flat, non-combustible surface at least 10 feet from structures or plants.
• Use the propane tank cover to conceal and secure the tank base ring.
• Turn off after use and store the rain cover nearby for quick protection.

For safety, keep children and pets away during operation and never leave unattended.

Keep your fire pit in top shape with simple care: wipe the concrete surface with a soft, damp cloth to remove dirt or ash. Avoid harsh chemicals to preserve the textured finish.

• After each use, ensure the burner is cool before covering with the Oxford rain cover.
• For winter storage, disconnect the propane hose and store indoors if possible.
• Inspect the stainless steel burner annually for wear and clean glass rocks as needed.

Regular upkeep ensures years of reliable warmth for your outdoor space.

Incorporate this 56-inch fire pit as the heart of your patio: position it centrally surrounded by seating for 6-8 people, leaving room for garden paths or planters nearby.

• Pair with weatherproof cushions and side tables for comfortable lounging.
• In smaller backyards, align along a fence to save space while maximizing heat distribution.
• Add string lights overhead and potted evergreens for a cozy, inviting glow that ties into your garden theme.

This setup transforms basic patios into year-round gathering spots.

This BAIDEHOME propane fire pit table is a 22-inch round column-style unit with a porcelain tile top, perfect for gardeners with compact patios or balconies who want to extend outdoor time into cooler evenings. It suits beginner to experienced homeowners seeking low-maintenance ambiance without the mess of wood fires.

Key features include 40,000 BTU output from a stainless steel burner filled with included glass rocks for a clean, smokeless burn. The auto-ignition and thermocouple safety shutoff make it user-friendly, lighting up reliably even after storage. In real backyard use, it provides gentle warmth for 4-6 people seated nearby, ideal for post-gardening chats or family dinners al fresco.

Build quality stands out with a reinforced fiberglass composite base mimicking stacked stone, paired with weather-resistant porcelain tiles that clean easily after use. Reviewers note its stability on decks and wind glass shield that keeps flames steady in light breezes, holding up well over a year outdoors.

Limitations include a focused heat pattern better for intimacy than heating big spaces, and the gray finish that some customize with paint. It lacks a table insert for full coffee table function.

Overall, this fire pit earns top marks for small-space backyard enhancement. If your patio needs cozy vibes without bulk, grab it for memorable outdoor living.

Assembly takes under 30 minutes: attach the burner, fill with glass rocks, and connect to a 20-pound propane tank (not included) hidden inside the base.

• Place on level, non-flammable surfaces like composite decks; keep 5 feet from walls or plants.
• Use the control knob for easy start; thermocouple auto-shuts if flame goes out.
• Wind glass shield helps in breezes, but extinguish during high winds.
• Store propane tank outdoors, disconnected when not in use.

Always supervise flames and keep kids/pets away for safe patio enjoyment.

Position this compact fire pit as a focal point in small patios, surrounded by Adirondack chairs or a loveseat for intimate seating.

• Pair with potted plants or string lights for a garden oasis feel.
• In 10x12-foot spaces, center it between seating to maximize flow without crowding.
• Use as an end-table alternative near larger furniture for balanced backyard design.
• Enhance with weatherproof cushions and side tables for full outdoor living setups.

Keep your fire pit thriving with simple routines tailored for outdoor gardeners.

• Clean porcelain top with mild soap and water; vacuum glass rocks annually.
• Store wind shield indoors during harsh winters; cover the unit if possible.
• Inspect stainless steel burner for clogs before each season; contact support for parts.
• Avoid harsh chemicals to preserve the composite stone finish.

Regular care ensures years of reliable backyard warmth.

This BAIDEHOME 32-inch round propane fire pit table is a low-profile outdoor centerpiece at 14.5 inches tall, blending a modern flint gray concrete-look finish with practical functionality. It suits homeowners with patios or decks who want to extend backyard evenings, especially those hosting casual gatherings after tending the garden.

Key features shine in real-world use: the 50,000 BTU stainless steel burner delivers clean, adjustable flames via battery-operated electronic ignition, warming a wide area quickly. The 10-foot hose connects easily to a standard 20 lb propane tank, and the wide rim holds drinks while the fire enhances ambiance without smoke hassles.

Build quality stands out with 1.2mm thick powder-coated steel and electrophoretic finish for rust resistance, plus a hefty 86-pound base for stability. It handles outdoor exposure well, from summer barbecues to fall chill, though the external tank setup keeps things tidy but visible.

Limitations include its weight, best moved by a team, and no built-in tank storage. Overall, it's a solid choice for creating inviting outdoor living spaces; pair it with your patio chairs for memorable garden nights.

Keep your fire pit looking new year-round with simple care routines tailored for outdoor patios.

• Cover it with the included protective cover after each use to shield from rain, leaves, and pollen common in backyard settings.
• Clean the stainless steel burner monthly by turning off gas, letting it cool, and wiping with a soft cloth and mild soap; avoid harsh chemicals.
• Store the propane tank in a dry, ventilated spot during winter, disconnected from the 10-foot hose.
• Inspect the electrophoretic coating annually for chips; touch up with rust-inhibiting paint if needed for longevity.
• Avoid placing on uneven garden surfaces to prevent stress on the steel pedestal.

Incorporate this fire pit into your backyard oasis for functional, stylish outdoor living.

• Center it on a 10x10-foot patio surrounded by 4-6 Adirondack chairs for intimate conversations.
• Position near garden beds to light up evening plant viewing, with the table lid holding potted herbs.
• Pair with a sectional sofa on one side and string lights overhead for cozy movie nights.
• Use the 32-inch diameter to anchor a conversation pit, leaving 3-4 feet clearance for walkways.
• For smaller decks, place against a railing with stools tucked underneath when not in use.

Match this fire pit to your space for optimal comfort and safety in garden areas.

• Ideal for patios 8x8 feet or larger; heats a 10-foot diameter circle effectively for 6-8 people.
• 14.5-inch height works with standard 18-inch lounge seating, keeping flames at knee level.
• 32-inch width fits through standard doors; 27.5-inch pedestal base ensures toe-kick space.
• Maintain 10-foot clearance from plants or walls to avoid heat damage to nearby garden features.
• Team lift recommended due to 86-pound weight for safe placement on decks or pavers.

This SiTimmGer 60-inch rectangular propane fire pit table is a game-changer for homeowners who love hosting in their backyard or on the patio. Measuring 60 inches wide by 27.5 inches deep and 14 inches high, it offers plenty of space for gatherings while doubling as a coffee table. It's perfect for beginner to experienced outdoor enthusiasts wanting smoke-free warmth without the fuss of wood fires.

Key features shine in real-world use: the 50,000 BTU burner provides consistent heat, auto-ignition starts it effortlessly, and lava rocks enhance the flame's appeal. The included tank cover conceals your propane tank stylishly and serves as an extra surface. Users praise its easy setup and reliable performance during evening get-togethers.

Build quality stands out with TerraFab material, lighter than concrete yet more durable than MGO, resisting cracks and wear from weather exposure. CSA certification ensures safety with an auto shut-off system. It handles outdoor conditions well, though scratches may occur if used heavily as a table, fixable with included touch-up pen.

Limitations include the need for a separate wind guard in gusty areas and its weight, making relocation tricky. Still, for most patios, it's a solid choice.

Overall, this fire table earns high marks for elevating outdoor living. Recommend it to gardeners seeking a low-maintenance centerpiece for backyard bliss.

Keep your fire pit table thriving through seasons with simple care routines tailored for outdoor patios.

• Cover it after use with the provided waterproof cover to shield from rain and debris.
• Clean lava rocks and surfaces gently with a soft brush and mild soap; avoid harsh chemicals on TerraFab.
• Store the propane tank indoors during long winter stretches, disconnecting the hose first.
• Inspect for scratches and use the included repair pen to maintain its modern concrete look.
• For wind resistance, add the optional guard during stormy weather.

CSA-certified safety features like auto shut-off protect it and your space year-round.

Integrate this 60-inch fire table into your backyard for inviting setups that blend garden and gathering zones.

• Position centrally on patios surrounded by Adirondack chairs for 6-8 people, leaving room for potted plants nearby.
• Pair with a sectional sofa facing the flames, using the tank cover as a side table for lanterns or drinks.
• In smaller yards, anchor one end against a fence, flanked by raised planters for a cozy nook.
• Enhance with string lights overhead and rugs underfoot to define the lounge area.

Its rectangular shape fits modern decks seamlessly, turning everyday lawns into entertainment hubs.

Choose the right fit for your outdoor space with these practical sizing tips.

• Ideal for patios 10x12 feet or larger; seats 6-8 comfortably around its 60-inch width.
• Tank cover adds 16x16 inches of extra surface, perfect for small groups without crowding.
• 14-inch height works well with standard seating, keeping flames at eye level for safety and ambiance.
• Weighs 125 pounds, so measure access paths for delivery and placement.

Scales up backyard comfort without dominating the garden view.

This GDFStudio Aidan outdoor fire pit table is a sleek rectangular propane unit designed as a gathering spot for patios and backyards. It suits homeowners who love hosting friends and family outdoors, especially in cooler seasons when you want to linger in your garden space without heading inside too soon.

Key features shine in real-world use: the 50,000 BTU burner delivers steady, powerful heat under a bed of lava rocks, creating a safe, flickering flame that warms evenly across the table. The hidden tank holder tucks your propane tank away, preserving that modern minimalist vibe, and the no-assembly design means you just add rocks, connect the tank, and light it up for instant ambiance.

Built from lightweight magnesium oxide concrete in light gray, it offers good durability against weather exposure, though covering it during harsh storms helps longevity. At 56 by 26 inches, it fits well in medium to large patios but check your space first.

Limitations include its weight, making solo repositioning tricky, and reliance on propane refills. Overall, it's a solid pick for elevating backyard evenings; pair it with Adirondack chairs for the perfect garden oasis and recommend it to anyone seeking reliable outdoor warmth.

Keep your fire pit table thriving through seasons with simple care routines tailored for outdoor living.

• Cover it with a fitted tarp when not in use to shield from rain, leaves, and debris.
• After each use, let it cool fully, then brush off lava rocks and wipe the surface with mild soap and water.
• Avoid harsh chemicals; magnesium oxide cleans up easily without them.
• Store the propane tank indoors during winter, and check connections for leaks before first spring use.
• In snowy areas, clear buildup gently to prevent moisture damage.

Integrate this fire table into your backyard for inviting setups that boost garden enjoyment.

• Center it on a patio rug surrounded by 4-6 weatherproof chairs for intimate talks.
• Flank with potted plants or low shrubs to soften edges and tie into your lawn design.
• Position near seating areas but 10 feet from structures for safety.
• Pair with string lights overhead for magical evening vibes in your outdoor space.
• For larger yards, angle it toward garden paths to draw guests into your landscape.

Match this fire table to your space for optimal comfort and flow.

• Footprint: 56" W x 26" D x 15" H; ideal for patios 10x10 feet or larger.
• Tank holder adds 16" x 16" x 20" beside it; plan for 7 feet total width.
• Seats 6-8 around edges comfortably with standard chairs.
• Heat radius covers 8-10 feet, perfect for small group warmth.
• Weighs 110 lbs; use a dolly for placement on uneven garden ground.

This ReeQuo 31.5-inch propane fire pit table set is a modern round bowl design made for backyard patios and garden spaces, ideal for U.S. homeowners who want to enhance outdoor living without hassle. It suits beginner to experienced gardeners hosting small gatherings of 4-6 people, turning chilly evenings into cozy retreats.

Key features shine in real-world use: the 50,000 BTU stainless steel burner delivers adjustable, smokeless flames via push-button electronic ignition. Safety auto shut-off protects against wind or leaks, while the included 10-foot hose and lava rocks ensure quick setup. Users love how it transforms patios instantly, with no assembly beyond attaching feet.

Build quality stands out with Terra fab composite, blending mineral powder, brine, and glass fiber for superior heat resistance, antifreeze protection, and longevity over traditional concrete or MGO. At 77 pounds, side handles make it movable, and the tank cover keeps things tidy. It withstands outdoor exposure well, as noted by coastal reviewers.

Limitations include potential shipping damage and 20 lb tank compatibility only. For larger yards, consider bigger sizes from the brand.

Overall, this fire pit earns high marks for durability and ease, making it a smart pick for practical backyard heating and social vibes. Add it to your patio setup for reliable warmth all season.

Setting up is straightforward: screw on the four leveling feet, spread 13 lbs of lava rocks around the SUS201 burner without covering it, connect your 20 lb propane tank via the 10-foot hose, and ignite with the push-button spark.

• Always read the manual first for propane or natural gas conversion using the included orifice.
• Place on level ground at least 3 feet from structures or flammables.
• Use the tank cover to conceal and stabilize; ensure good ventilation.

For safety, the auto shut-off activates if the flame goes out. Test ignition in a breeze-free spot, and never leave unattended.

Keep your fire pit thriving with simple care: after cooling, brush off ash and store lava rocks clean. Use the included PVC rain cover when not in use to shield Terra fab from rain and debris.

• Wipe the glossy finish with mild soap; avoid abrasives to preserve the durable surface.
• Winterize by draining hoses and storing indoors if extreme freeze is expected, though Terra fab resists antifreeze well.
• Touch-up minor chips with the included pen; inspect burner annually for clogs.

This routine ensures years of reliable backyard performance, matching user reports of lasting quality in tough climates.

Position this 31.5-inch round fire pit as a backyard focal point: center it on patios surrounded by Adirondack chairs for 4-6 guests, or nestle near garden beds for ambient lighting during evening weeding.

• Pair with low seating walls or string lights for intimate lawn gatherings.
• In small yards, use the tank cover as a plant stand to blend with landscaping.
• For larger spaces, group with the brand's 36-inch or 60-inch models for zoned heating.

Its 14.5-inch height works as a coffee table alternative, inspiring versatile outdoor living setups.

This 32-inch round propane fire table from BAIDEHOME is a solid choice for gardeners and homeowners who love extending their outdoor living into evenings. With its modern gray porcelain tile top and fiberglass-reinforced concrete base mimicking stacked stone, it fits seamlessly on patios, decks, or backyard lawns, especially for those with medium-sized spaces.

Key features shine in real-world use: the 50,000 BTU burner delivers strong, even heat for gatherings, while push-button ignition makes starting simple even after a long day in the garden. The included lid converts it to a coffee table, perfect for setting plants or drinks nearby. Lava rocks diffuse the flame beautifully, creating that inviting glow without excessive soot.

Build quality impresses with weather-resistant porcelain tiles that wipe clean from spills or ash, and the sturdy base ensures stability on uneven patio surfaces. It's designed for propane tanks hidden below, keeping your setup tidy.

Limitations include the need for a standard 20 lb tank (not included) and its 75-pound weight, which calls for careful placement. Not ideal for tiny balconies due to its 32-inch footprint.

Overall, this fire table earns a strong recommendation for creating memorable backyard moments. Pair it with your lawn chairs for the ultimate patio upgrade.

Integrate this fire table into your outdoor space for maximum enjoyment. Position it as the focal point in a seating circle with Adirondack chairs or cushioned loveseats, leaving 8-10 feet clearance around for safety.

• Surround with potted evergreens or low perennials for a garden border that softens the modern look.
• Place on a level patio or deck; use pavers underneath if your lawn is soft.
• For small yards, tuck it near a fence with string lights overhead for intimate dinners.
• Combine with a nearby herb garden or raised beds to blend fire warmth with fresh greenery.

This setup turns basic backyards into cozy retreats.

Keep your fire table thriving through seasons with simple care. Always use the included cover when not in use to shield from rain, leaves, and pollen.

• Clean the porcelain top with mild soap and water; avoid abrasives.
• After burning, let cool fully before covering; shake out lava rocks occasionally.
• Store propane tank in a ventilated area during winter; disconnect it.
• Inspect connections yearly for safety; tighten as needed.

These steps ensure lasting performance in variable outdoor weather.

Measure your area first: at 32 inches diameter and 24 inches tall, it suits patios 10x10 feet or larger. Weighing 75 pounds, plan for a stable, non-combustible surface.

• Ideal for 4-6 people; add 3-4 feet per side for chairs.
• Needs 20 lb tank space below; ensure 2 feet overhead clearance.
• Compact enough for apartments with decks, but check balcony weight limits.

Visualize it enhancing your garden without overcrowding.

The SUNBURY 42-inch propane fire pit table is a modern concrete round design that brings reliable warmth to your backyard patio or garden deck. With 50,000 BTU output, it's perfect for U.S. homeowners who want to extend outdoor living through cooler evenings, whether hosting friends or unwinding after tending the lawn.

Key features shine in real-world use: the adjustable knob offers three flame levels for precise control, while the stainless steel burner ensures even heat distribution. Lava rocks add a natural glow, enhancing your space without extra decor work. It's versatile too, doubling as a sturdy side table for garden-fresh snacks.

Build quality stands out with a magnesium oxide sprayed top that resists cracking from heat cycles, paired with certified leak-proof connections for safe operation. At 40.7 inches wide and just 12 inches tall, it fits most patios but weighs 97 pounds, so plan for team lifting.

Limitations include the need for a separate propane tank and its heft, which suits stationary setups best. Overall, this fire table earns high marks for safety and performance; we recommend it for gardeners craving a low-maintenance focal point that elevates backyard vibes.

To keep your SUNBURY fire pit table thriving outdoors, cover it during heavy rain or winter storage. Wipe the concrete surface with mild soap and water after use to prevent buildup.

• Seasonal prep: Disconnect propane, store in a dry spot if possible.
• Cleaning burner: Brush off lava rocks and check for debris annually.
• UV protection: Gray finish resists fading, but avoid direct prolonged sun exposure.

Regular checks on connections ensure long-term durability in variable garden weather.

Integrate this 42-inch round fire pit as the heart of your backyard oasis. Surround with Adirondack chairs for intimate chats or sectional sofas for larger groups.

• Pair with potted plants for a garden-like ambiance.
• Position near lawn edges to define seating zones.
• Keep 10-foot clearance from structures per safety guidelines.

Elevates casual barbecues into memorable evenings, blending seamlessly with your outdoor living space.

This 40.7 x 40.7 x 12-inch fire pit suits patios 10x10 feet or larger, seating 4-6 comfortably around its 36-inch inner bowl.

• Small yards: Central placement maximizes flow.
• Heat radius: Effective up to 8 feet, ideal for mild chill.
• Mobility: Side handle aids short moves between garden areas.

Choose based on your gathering size for optimal backyard comfort.

This COSIEST 2-Piece Propane Fire Table Set is a modern rectangular fire pit measuring 56 by 28 inches in a sleek gray concrete finish, perfect for U.S. homeowners who love hosting backyard gatherings or unwinding on patios after tending the garden. With its 50,000 BTU stainless steel burner, it delivers reliable heat for small to medium outdoor spaces, ideal for beginner gardeners upgrading their decks or experienced ones enhancing poolside lounging.

Key features shine in real-world use: the push-button igniter and adjustable knob make starting flames quick and safe, while the tempered glass wind guard keeps fire steady against garden breezes. The included tank table hides the 20lb propane cylinder, maintaining a clean look that matches modern outdoor decor, and the spacious surface holds snacks or planters during casual evenings.

Built from fire-retardant magnesium oxide, it stands up to weather exposure better than cheaper materials, ensuring durability through seasons of backyard barbecues. The one-year warranty adds peace of mind for setup questions.

Limitations include the need for a level surface due to its low 13-inch height and separate propane tank buy. It's not ultra-portable but excels as a semi-permanent fixture.

Overall, this fire table earns our recommendation for creating inviting outdoor havens; pair it with Adirondack chairs for the ultimate garden retreat.

Protect your COSIEST fire table with the included waterproof cover after each use to shield the magnesium oxide finish from rain and debris. Store the propane tank indoors during harsh winters to prevent valve issues.

• Wipe the concrete surface with mild soap and water; avoid harsh chemicals.
• Check the stainless steel burner annually for clogs and clear with a soft brush.
• Ensure the wind guard glass is dry before covering to prevent spotting.
• Use a fuel stabilizer in propane for long storage periods.

Regular care keeps it looking new, ready for spring garden parties.

Incorporate this 56x28-inch fire table as the focal point of your backyard patio, surrounded by modular seating for 6-8 people. Its low profile pairs well with raised garden beds nearby for a cohesive outdoor oasis.

• Position poolside for evening swims with ambient glow.
• Center on decks with potted plants on the tank table for added greenery.
• Angle toward lawn areas for s'mores nights without obstructing views.

Measure your space first; it fits standard 10x12-foot patios perfectly.

At 56 inches long and just 13 inches high, this fire table warms up to 200-300 square feet comfortably, suiting small to medium yards. The 36-inch burner provides even heat distribution for group seating.

• Best for patios under 400 sq ft; too large for tiny balconies.
• Seat 4-6 around it with 24-inch clearance per person.
• Tank table adds 16x20-inch utility without crowding the main surface.

Test placement for optimal flow in your garden setup.

As a fellow gardener who loves extending evenings in the backyard, I appreciate the ReeQuo 60-inch propane fire pit table for turning patios into inviting hubs. This 2-piece set combines a large rectangular fire table with a propane tank cover, perfect for U.S. homeowners with modest to spacious outdoor spaces who want reliable warmth without wood smoke irritating plants or eyes.

Key features shine in real-world garden use: electronic auto-ignition lights the 50,000 BTU burner effortlessly, delivering smokeless flames over 13 pounds of included lava rocks. The 60 by 27.5-inch surface works great as a coffee table for serving meals amid your flower beds or hosting friends. Safety auto shut-off adds peace of mind near decks or seating areas.

Build quality stands out with eco-friendly Terra Fab material, stronger than magnesium oxide, offering superior heat insulation, freeze resistance, and longevity outdoors. At 114 pounds with leveling feet, it stays stable on uneven patios. Users praise its quick setup and coastal durability, though a few noted arrival chips.

Limitations include its weight for moving solo and needing a separate propane tank. For large yards, pair it with seating for bigger crowds. Overall, this fire pit earns my recommendation for practical backyard enhancement; it solves cool-night woes while elevating garden living.

Keep your ReeQuo fire pit table thriving year-round with simple care tailored to garden patios. Use the included PVC rain cover after every use to shield Terra Fab from rain, snow, or pollen buildup.

• Clean lava rocks and surface monthly with a soft brush and mild soap; avoid harsh chemicals near plants.
• Store the propane tank cover indoors during off-seasons to prevent fading.
• Inspect for cracks annually; use the touch-up pen for minor Terra Fab chips.
• Winterize by disconnecting the tank and covering fully to combat freeze-thaw cycles.

Terra Fab's antifreeze properties make it low-maintenance, outlasting metal pits in humid or cold climates.

Integrate this 60-inch fire pit into your backyard oasis for seamless entertaining. Position centrally on patios near garden borders for ambient light on evening plant tours.

• Surround with 6-8 Adirondack chairs or benches for intimate gatherings.
• Pair with potted evergreens or lanterns for a natural, glowing focal point.
• Use the table surface for herb planters when fire is off, blending utility with decor.
• Ideal for rectangular patios 12x15 feet or larger; leaves room for lawn games nearby.

Create zones: fire pit for relaxing, adjacent paths to veggie beds for fresh-picked dinners.

Prioritize safety to enjoy worry-free warmth in your garden space. Always read the manual before first use.

• Place at least 10 feet from walls, plants, or overhangs; safe on wooden decks per design.
• Use only standard 20-lb propane tanks; check connections before lighting.
• Keep children and pets away during operation; auto shut-off activates if tipped.
• Extinguish fully before leaving unattended; never move while lit.

AAA batteries power ignition (not included); test seasonally for reliability.